 TRANSCRIPT FOR SID CLASS 11/22/87
 
 The tempo determines how quickly a song
 at the beginning of a SID.  The is the
 TEM command, and its default setting
 is 100 <which is a moderate, or 
 slow-moderate speed>.  The TEM command,
 voices.
 
 There are some restrictions on which
 tempo values can be used.  The TEM
 command supports a limited number of
 tempo values, and some of those don't
 allow the use of certain note
 durations.  If you are using the
 Enhanced Sid Editor, there is a
 built-in temp restriction chart; you
 can see this from the Command Screen
 by pressing "shift h".  If you're not
 using the Enhanced Editor, it's a good
 idea to make a copy of the tempo
 restriction chart included in the
 book.
 
 The Enhanced Editor will also support
 sixty-fourth notes <which the older
 Sid Editor does not support>.  However,
 with four tempos -- 225, 112, 75 and
 56.
 
 Tempo values 81 and below do not
 allow the use of dotted whole notes,
 but this isn't a problem.  Since a
 dotted note means to sustain that note
 its normal duration PLUS half, simply
 tie a half note onto the whole note to
 simulate a dotted whole.
 
 If you try to play durations in a tempo
 an "ILLEGAL DURATION" error.  If this
 happens, press any key to acknowledge
 the error, then check each voice.
 The music will have stopped on the
 illegal note to pinpoint it for you.
 
 The only time you should set the TEM
 command on all three voices is when
 you change tempo in the middle of a
 song.  The change must be made at a
 point where ALL THREE voices are
 beginning a new note.  If possible,
 make the tempo change at the start of
 a measure.  If the tempo change must
 occur in the middle of a measure,
 check carefully to be sure all three
 voices are beginning a new note, and
 set the TEM command at that point on
 all voices.
 
 There are ways to get around the
 tempo restrictions.  You can use the
 UTL command to specify how many
 "jiffies" a note should play.  A jiffy
 lasts about 1/60 of a second; the
 faster the tempo, the shorter the
 jiffy.  The tempo restrictions chart
 will display the jiffy duration for
 each note in each tempo.  Jiffy
 durations that are not displayed means
 that those notes are not allowed in
 that tempo value.
 
 If you are using a tempo value of 138,
 and the next higher or lower tempo
 simply will not work with your song
 BUT your sid contains sixteenth notes
 <which are not allowed at tempo 138>,
 here's what you do:  a sixteenth note
 is one half of an eighth note, so check
 played at tempo 138.  In this case, the
 it's not equally divisible, so you get
 an answer of 7 and 6.  So, set the
 UTL command to 7 <at the command
 screen>, go to the editing screen and
 press the "u" key.  Instead of a note,
 you'll see "utility" displayed in the
 box.  With your joystick or keyboard,
 put the note where it should be on
 the staff and hit return <or press the
 fire button on the joystick>, and a
 "u" with the pitch and octave will be
 entered.  If another sixteenth note is
 to be played in the same measure, its
 UTL value would be 6 <7+6=13>.  If no
 other sixteenth note is played, then a
 UTL rest of 6 should be entered. 
 Remember, you must keep the total
 jiffies in a measure consistant with
 all other measures.
 
 The UTL command is also used to enter
 "triplets".  A sixteenth triplet means
 that three notes should be played in
 the amount of time as one eigth note.
 To do this, again check the jiffy
 duration of an eighth note for the
 particular tempo you're using.  As an
 example, we'll use TEM 100, in which
 an eighth note plays for 12 jiffies.
 Divide 3 <the number of notes to be
 played> into 12; the answer is 4, so
 each note in the sixteenth triplet
 should play for 4 jiffies.  Set the
 UTL command at 4 and enter the notes
 as earlier described.
 
 In some cases, though, you'll not
 get an equal number -- for instance, at


 first note of the triplet, set the UTL
 command at 2; then for the second note
 and third note of the triplet, the UTL
 command would be 3.
 
 The set UTL value remains in effect
 until changed.
 
 Beware:  if you're using UTL command of
 UTL on one voice may affect the notes
 on another.  So try to always use the
 same UTL setting on each voice.
 
 On sheet music, if you see a note that
 is smaller and written before another
 note, this is called a "grace note".
 A grace note is played quickly, just
 long enough to be heard.  Use the UTL
 command to enter grace notes.  There is

 judgement.  However, remember that most
 must borrow from the PRECEEDING note
 for the grace note.  Example: using
 TEM 100, enter a quarter note followed
 by a graced quarter note.  At TEM 100,
 a quarter note lasts for 24 jiffies,
 and we want the grace note to be 4
 jiffies long.  Enter the first quarter
 note, using the UTL value of 20.  Then
 enter the grace note with a UTL value
 of 4, then enter the last quarter note
 as usual.
 
 As discussed earlier, a dot placed
 after a note means that the note
 duration should be increased by one
 half.  Sometimes you might see a note
 followed by TWO dots.  This is a double
 extended the same amount as a dotted
 note PLUS half the value of the first
 dot.  Example:  a double dotted half
 note would be equal to a half note, a
 quarter note and an eighth note --
 tied together.  The Enhanced Editor
 supports double dotted notes; however,
 this is an "enhanced" command not
 supported by public domain players.
 If you do not wish to use this command,
 the double dotted note duration.
 
 Another "enhanced" command not
 supported by current public domain
 players is the double sharp or double
 flat command.  If you do not wish to
 use the command, you must calculate
 the pitch that should be entered.
 For instance, if you encounter a
 C-double-sharp, you should enter a
 D-natural.
 
 By now, you should be able to enter
 an entire song with little difficulty.
 Please, if you upload any of your work,
 sure I include them in my library.
 
 Next week, we'll cover more advanced
 music theory and envelopes, including
 pulse sweep and portamento, and filter
 settings.  :)
